Does Ventura have ransomeware protection

Give the Apple Platform Security guide and the links provided by Old Toad a thorough read. That guide has not been updated since macOS Monterey, but expect further enhanced security features in Ventura. I would not expect any ransomware to get past Apple's hardware and software security. Not even root privileges can write to the read-only, code-signed System volume that contains the operating system.

Read these two documents: Effective defenses against malware and other threats - Apple Community and Recognize and avoid phishing messages, phony support calls, and other scams - Apple Support.  

Unless you're a celebrity, politician or high up businessman there's little change of being hacked for any reason.

What I do is to have an external SSD which I have cloned my boot drive to with Carbon Copy Cloner. I keep it updated every couple of days with Carbon Copy Cloner and unmounted when I'm not updating it. That way regardless of what happens to my internal boot drive I can erase it and clone my clone back to it.

The cloning is easily accomplished with Intel Macs but is somewhat more difficult with the Silicon Macs.

You are welcome.