Yes. Please know that I did not willy-nilly come here, but carefully looked at the problem and potential fixes before posting here. I know that this is a user to user support site--I have had my account with Apple since 2006 as originally set up with my outlook address.
Since Apple sells users the Mac with the Microsoft apps designed to work on their machines, it is reasonable to expect they have some responsibility for ensuring compatibility. (I happen to have MS 365 so didn't have to purchase the programs again.) Apple allows for email clients of all descriptions to work within/through Apple's Mail program (gmail, yahoo, outlook, etc.) In fact, Apple and Microsoft have a working agreement since 1997 and Apple has a whole website devoted to accommodating Microsoft programs on their Macs. See macOS - Compatibility - Apple Apple was brilliant to open their doors to accommodate the business world.
Anyway, I'm sure you know this is not about fault-finding. It's about solution-finding to a problem both companies are having with their users whom they care about. Other users have reported the problem and it is reasonable to think that while of course I contacted Microsoft right away, someone here may have encountered the same or similar issue, as in fact they have which is referenced in my initial post. (See which: Duplicated emails in Mail (Outlook) Sent … - Apple Community)
The first solution given in this thread may have also been somewhere in Apple solutions, but those steps are not evident/available on this Mac I'm using. And actually, those are the exact steps Microsoft provides on its help pages for the problem. Evidently they were accidentally omitted somewhere along the line in updates or new versions.
As is so often the case (55%-80% of the time) a failure mode occurs at the interfaces. This is pretty clearly an interface problem because the steps to fix the trouble did previously exist in earlier versions of Macs and/or Outlook and appear to now be missing.
As you say, maybe someone in this forum, besides the one I cited, will have encountered the same issue and know of a solution. In any case, both Apple and Microsoft are now aware of it and hopefully will collaborate to restore the previous compatibility.