Hard drive question ….

That depends on the type of hard drive. You can probably get an enclosure and interface kit to make the drive USB-C compatible and plug it into a USB port on the MBP , but you would need to know the type of interface that the drive requires. OWC or Microcenter is a good place to look for such an enclosure.

BTW, I asked the hosts to move your post to the MacBook Pro forum, where it will be seen by more MacBook users.

To follow up on Lawrence's excellent response, the device I use for such tasks is this one:

https://eshop.macsales.com/item/NewerTech/U3NV2SPATA/

However, it is more a "Swiss Army Knife" approach that handles many type of drives. I help friends and family with their computer issues so that flexibility is best for me.

However, for what you wish to do, you can get an 2.5-inch enclosure for less money assuming the Vaio has an SATA 2.5-inch drive. I have a couple of these that seem to work fine, and for a quarter of the cost of the "Swiss Army Knife" adapter:

https://www.amazon.com/ORICO-External-Enclosure-Support-Tool-Free/dp/B01LY97QE8/ref=sr_1_11?crid=34PP4N2BO5T7&keywords=usb%2Bdrive%2Benclosure%2B2.5&qid=1681488652&sprefix=usb%2Bdrive%2Ben%2Caps%2C180&sr=8-11&th=1

What's the format of the drive? You didn't mention how old.

Placed in a USB enclosure should work, but it could be tricky if it's NTFS (most likely). I think it might be read only with newer versions of MacOS, but I would think it would make more sense to just copy the contents to another drive (preferably exFAT formatted for better Mac compatibility) using a Windows machine.

Not sure what any of your questions would have to do with an iPhone.

What did you do with the hard drive that you removed?

Was the drive working when you removed it?