Typically an Apple ID is an email address you have used.
This support article describes ways to find your Apple ID --> If you forgot your Apple ID email address or phone number - Apple Support
or go directly to this link --> https://iforgot.apple.com/password/verify/appleid#
If you still need help:
Contact Apple for help with Apple ID account security "This article provides country-specific Apple Support contact information for customers seeking help with their Apple ID password or other security-related issues."
Contact Apple for help with Apple ID account security - Apple Support
Also look in Keychain, and in a browser's security settings if you use it to automatically sign into Apple when using a browser.
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This will recover use of the iPhone but not of your account on it: Apple can completely reset a device if a person can provide sufficient evidence of valid ownership. Do this online at: Activation Lock support request - https://al-support.apple.com/#/additional-support Apple says, "Proof of ownership documentation is required," but does not detail what currently constitutes proof. Prior to this new online service Apple typically required the original receipt issued by Apple or an Apple Authorized Reseller and documented provenance (so typically it would be the original owner who does this, or a descendant with legal proof of ownership).
Apple recommends you "Keep your receipt after you buy an Apple device" --> Keep your receipt after you buy an Apple device - Apple Support