How do I transfer everything except the phone number from iphone to new iphone

The telephone number is relevant to your Apple ID recovery and two-factor settings, and usually also has an associated entry in your Contacts list, but is not otherwise involved with your Apple ID, or your device contents.

A single Apple ID can have multiple iPhones, each with two telephone numbers, for instance.

What to do?

Transfer your contents using one of the migration tools.

Transfer data from your previous iOS or iPadOS device to your new iPhone or iPad - Apple Support

Update your trusted numbers for your Apple ID.

Two-factor authentication for Apple ID - Apple Support

Maybe also add a Recovery Contact and/or a Legacy Contact, too.

Set up an account recovery contact - Apple Support

How to add a Legacy Contact for your Apple ID - Apple Support

Your carrier will handle porting the telephone number to a SIM or eSIM for the new iPhone, and is the point of contact if that porting doesn’t happen or doesn’t happen entirely correctly.

Set up backups, as backups are about the only way to mark data as being valuable:

How to back up your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support

Here is how to clean up the contents of the old iPhone, too:

What to do before you sell, give away, or trade in your iPhone or iPad - Apple Support