Hi KevInFWB
welcome to the Apple (user-to-user) Community.
Re: "Apple Super Drive to plug into a USB-C to USB adapter:
will not plug into the adapter all the way"
The hardwired USB on the Superdrive should plug all the way in to the adapter.
The screen shot does seem to show your USB connector is different though ... if that is the one from the Superdrive.
Maybe you could check it out at an Apple store:
Genius Bar Reservation and Apple Support Options - Apple
The first time I plugged the Superdrive in to the adapter I did have to push it in hard to get it in all the way. (It plugs in and out smoothly now.)
Seems you would need an adapter like this one:
About the Apple USB-C to USB Adaptor – Apple Support
BTW : The Superdrive (with adapter) needs to plug directly into the port on the Mac ... ie: found the Superdrive doesn't work if you plug the Superdrive into a multiport / hub / that plugs into the Mac.
All the best :-)