Yes, once you log out of your Apple ID, all credit/debit cards will be removed from your Wallet app. This is all covered in the support article I linked to in my post above.
What happens when you sign out of iCloud on your device
You can sign out of iCloud any time to stop using iCloud and its related services on your device. These services are listed below. Before signing out, make sure that you’re comfortable having these services turned off. If you only want to stop using some iCloud features, you can change your iCloud settings instead of signing out of iCloud.
- Apple Pay, Apple Cash, and Apple Card1
- Find My
- Game Center
- Home app to control your HomeKit devices
- iCloud Backup
- iCloud Drive
- iCloud Keychain
- iCloud Mail
- iCloud Photos
- iCloud Shared Photo Library
- Siri Shortcuts
- Voice Memos
- Shared Albums
- Messages in iCloud
- Reminders
- Shared Notes
- Shared Pages, Numbers, and Keynote documents
- Updates to your contacts, calendars, reminders, bookmarks, and Safari tabs
- Continuity features like Handoff, Universal Clipboard, and Auto Unlock with your Apple Watch
- App data for any third-party apps that you've installed that use iCloud
When you sign out, any data stored in iCloud will be removed from your device but will remain in iCloud. Before you sign out, you’ll be asked if you want to keep a copy of any of this information on your device.