Stop Apple Notes (for iOS) from Auto-formatting Lists (NOT checklists)
This works. Set your text replacements up as follows: A) Go to Settings-General-Text Replacement, then type the plus sign to add a new text replacement. B) In the "Phrase" slot type 1 and a closed parenthesis, then hit the space bar one time, so your entry looks like 1) with a space after it. C) In the "Shortcut" slot type 1 and and a closed parenthesis, so it just looks like 1) with no space or anything after the closed parenthesis. D) Follow the same formula to add a text replacement for each number you will likely use in your lists; I went up to 10. E) In your note, when making a list, just type your number and a closed parenthesis and a space, and this will trigger the text expander to skip the indent and just put "number/closed parenthesis/space" so you can type out your list item, then press return and proceed with your next number/parenthesis.
iPhone SE (3rd generation)