The only thing I can think of is you either put an alias to a folder into the new folder, or you actually tried copying the entire contents of a folder into the new folder instead of perhaps actually moving the items. If this is the case, then just deleting the duplicates may be all you need to do. Just be careful though because if an alias is involved or you delete too much, you may lose that data if you don't have a good backup.
Unfortunately we cannot see it first hand. You can try taking it to an Apple Store or AASP for assistance as they will be able to see everything to better understand the situation, but in the end they may still offer the same suggestion as @BDAqua to perform a clean install. Unless you have a good backup from before this mishap, you will want to avoid the traditional methods of restoring from a backup or you will likely end up with the same issue again. You will need to figure out a way to transfer those items from the backup. If you do have a backup from before this mishap, then you should be able to restore from the older backup and be up & running again...although you will need to manually locate & restore any modified files which are only available from the later backup by using the TM app to navigate to those files.
FYI, when making references to other people having the same issue, it is usually a good idea to provide a link so we can check it out and not suggest trying things you've already attempted.