the USB Super drive

my first question is, how is the superdrive connected to the Mac? it needs to be connected directly to the Mac. it will not function if connected through a dock or hub. and for Macs that only have USB-C / TB3 ports, you need either an USB-C to USB Adapter or an USB-C Digital AV Multiport Adapter to connect it directly.

some third party adapters will work, but it is a craps shoot as to wether or not they will function properly.

If it's an older SuperDrive the lenses may be dirty, in which case you can find CD cleaning disks at many office supply stores, Amazon, etc. The disks themselves may be dirty or damaged. Make sure the Drive is right-side up, black side down.