Iphone and airpods tracking

I have little question for apple pros about tracking of my devices. I have iphone and airpods. Both can be now normally tracked in "find" app. But what happens when i turn off completely tracking of my iphone in settings? When i connect my airpods can they still be tracked even when phone location is disabled?

And what would happen when i loose them somewhere, somebody will find them, take them from my case and replace it to new case? Can i find them if they connect them to their phone? Because i am not sure if airpods tracking is based on headphones itself or the case they are in.

Thanks for answers