I need urgent help, how I retrieve all my photos from iPhone 11, my phone is destroyed and I checked the in icloud but I can’t find it, how I retrieve it???

If you went to www.icloud.com and signed in with your Apple ID and Password and you did not find your photos there, this means you didn't sync photos with iCloud. So, if your iPhone is destroyed, the ONLY hope you have for getting your photos back is if you routinely backed up your iPhone. If you didn't backup your iPhone, your photos are gone as there is no place to get them back from. If you did routinely backup your iPhone, when you get a new iPhone, you'll be able to set up that new iPhone from your most recent backup.

The time to worry about NOT losing data is before something bad happens.

Enabling iCloud for Photos, Notes, Videos, Reminders, Messages, and more, as depicted in the provided picture, means that if you delete any or all data from one device, it will also be removed from iCloud and all other devices linked to the same Apple ID. Likewise, the reverse is true as well.