what is the difference betweern DFU mode and recovery mode

Iphone 12 Pro Max migrated to a new device and is now stuck flashing the apple logo but only when it's plugged in to a power source. ive tried different outlets, various cords, various computers and i have tried soft reset, hard reset and it shuts off as soon as you let go of the side buttons when the logo comes on. I have put it in recovery mode but to no avail. I dont have access to anything other then Windows 10 at the moment or a chrome book. I do have an ipad, but that doesn't help.

How can I get this phone to work? It had 87% battery life left so i know its not the battery.