How can I recover my data? I've lost my iPhone

BEWARE:

Criminals who find your phone may phish you in the future.

They usually claim to be from Apple (or the police) and direct you to a web site to enter your “confirming” device passcode and/or AppleID credentials.

These are NEVER legitimate.

They are NEVER from Apple.

These messages are ONLY from criminals attempting to break into your phone AND takeover your AppleID.

Do NOT reply and NEVER follow any links these messages might contain.

No legitimate entity will EVER ask for your AppleID, password, or device passcode.

Recognize and avoid phishing messages, phony support calls, and other scams - Apple Support

Hello!

Hopefully, you had your device backed up.

Please read this Support Article: If your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is lost or stolen - Apple Support.

Have a nice day, and good luck!

FWIW, the “default” settings applied when initially setting-up a new iPhone and AppleID configure nearly everything for an iCloud “sync” and “backup.”

(Apple apparently assumes that phones WILL be regularly lost / broken / stolen and accordingly chooses the “safest” defaults appropriate for “most” users)

So, when setting-up a replacement phone, you’ll be prompted to “Restore from previous backup?” … select “yes” and you’ll find that your replacement phone pretty well matches your lost phone.

(usually amazingly well)

You would restore from your new phone from you backup, if you sync to icloud or mail account sign into those account and turn on whatever you had enabled.