My macbook pro ask password for enable touchId before 48 hours in sleep after my battery replacement

That cloudy & hazy screen along with the segmented progress bar indicates the laptop went into hibernation mode. Was the laptop running on battery overnight? If so, then most likely the battery has drained to 0% overnight. I've seen several posts of this happening to people with the Apple Silicon Macs....even a coworker experienced it. With the co-worker, I was able to help identify a few software issues which caused the problem....seemed to be related to a lot of iCloud activity over night probably with the laptop syncing files which had changed during a long work session earlier in the evening....had a lot to do with photos and/or video.

If this is happening, you may want to make sure to leave the laptop connected to the power adapter overnight so the battery does not drain.

Was this an official Apple battery repair? If so, then you have a 90 day warranty....so make sure to have Apple or an AASP examine the laptop within that 90 day warranty period.

If you had a third party battery installed, then most likely you received a defective battery which is not unusual since the quality of many third party Lithium batteries is extremely poor even when purchased from a respected vendor.

Hi lahiru23,

If you are sure that you are entering the correct password by trying it on another device at Manage your Apple ID

and you still see the issue, let's try to narrow this down and isolate it more by testing in safe mode.

Start up your Mac in safe mode

Intel processor

1. "Turn on or restart your Mac, then immediately press and hold the Shift key as your Mac starts up.

2. Release the key when you see the login window, then log in to your Mac. 

3. You may be asked to log in again. On either the first or second login window, you should see "Safe Boot" in the top right-hand corner of the window."

If the issue continues after the steps from safe mode, it might be an issue with the hardware in the keyboard.

Let us know.

Cheers!