iCloud.com is unusable on my device...

After getting my Windows laptop back from being repaired due to a cracked screen, I started suffering from severely limited functionality on the iCloud.com website. If I open it through Safari on my iPad, it works, but on my Windows device the site appears almost completely broken. I do in fact have ad/content blockers, and turning them off doesn't make any difference.

It's been happening since last month. The first thing I would see is a warning telling me that the site encountered an error while trying to connect to the server. This appears a few times. Afterwards, the iCloud.com dashboard loads where the Photos and Mail bubbles (and sometimes Notes) show a message saying that a problem occurred loading the content rather than displaying my most recent photos and messages, and clicking Try Again does nothing.

Some web apps also either have limited functionality or don't even work at all. For example, if I open Find My, it tries to load and then fails with an error saying that it stopped responding. Drive also takes a long time to load the 'Browse' page.

I tried debugging the situation in the Dev Tools console, and it shows that numerous resources failed to load with a status of ERR_CONNECTION_RESET. On my iPad, this error doesn't occur and the site loads correctly. So, I don't quite understand the difference here. Did Apple block my machine due to some T&C violation? Or could there be a virus installed? :\