how can i get the night mode clock to remain illuminated all night

It should work as is on the 14 Pro, according to the linked support article. I have an XR and tapping on the screen or motion detection works on my model phone.

I would try turning always on display off and standby off, restart your phone and then turn always on display on and standby on again.

see this for more information on always on display.

Keep the iPhone display on longer - Apple Support

If you are talking about the Standby feature, you need an Always On display which is only on the iPhone 14 Pro, iPhone 14 Pro Max, iPhone 15 Pro, and iPhone 15 Pro Max

Use StandBy to view information at a distance while iPhone is charging - Apple Support