Here is a "fix" (a bit of a stretch) that worked for me.
I had the same issue during the first launch after an update, so I tried many things, most of which are discussed in this thread. I couldn't revert to Ventura because I had no backup. As a last resort, I found the Ventura installer in the App Store, downloaded it (when you start the download, it automatically redirects you to Settings > Software Update, and you can monitor the progress there).
After downloading, my Mac announced that it couldn't install this particular OS version, so I sighed and clicked "Quit." Voilà, Finder got unstuck! For some reason, iCloud had become turned off in the settings, so I simply turned it back on, and all my files magically reappeared.
At first, I thought it was just a coincidence, but the same thing happened to me today after rebooting my Mac (I had to). Finder got stuck again, and there were no items on the desktop. So, once more, after a few standard procedures, I downloaded the Ventura installer, and it worked like clockwork.
It's strange, and I have no idea why it works. My best guess is that Sonoma gets intimidated in the presence of Ventura's greatness.
I hope this helps someone. Have a great day!