You should just chalk it up to a valuable lesson learned. You should never purchase a gift card and provide the codes to anyone unless you are planning on giving that money. Only you can stop yourself from giving an unknown person your money and there is no one else to blame. See this article to avoid phishing scams as well as the Gift Card scam already posted.
Recognize and avoid phishing messages, phony support calls, and other scams - Apple Support
It is unlikely you will be able recover the money as the possible recourse would be finding who this person is and charging them in court. Apple may be able to provide where it was redeemed, but the investigation would be on you and you don't even know if the person can be charged in the courts of your region. Any investigation would include IP addresses of the scammer requiring court order for identity and possible camera footage if used in a retail location. You will end up spending more money in trying to find the person than the amount you would recoup.