I was having the same issue and have fixed it… but you may not like the fix. It’s not as bad as it sounds but it’s a little drastic.
On my iPad Pro (6th gen) and iPhone 15, as soon as I updated to 17.0.3 of their respective operating systems… what a disaster. Extremely slow WiFi, rendering many apps unusable.
I had a similar problem years ago with some now-defunct OS. What finally fixed it was to reset all network settings and re-log-in to the WiFi. At that time, Apple Support had mentioned something about the update corrupting the saved configuration for some networks. Not in a way you could see from looking at your IP address, etc, but clearly screwed up. As Richard mentioned, nothing else on the network is having issues.
After the reset, full speed ahead on both the phone and the iPad. I did the reset sometime in the past 24 hours and both still have fast and stable WiFi connections.
Settings —> General —> Transfer or Reset iPhone. Once you’re in the Transfer or Reset screen, at the bottom you’ll see two buttons: Reset and Erase All Content. Click Reset, and then you get a bunch of options. Choose “Reset Network Settings,” which at least for me is the second choice. The phone will then give you the Apple logo with a progress bar which completes rather quickly and will reboot. You will of course need to manually rejoin whatever network.
All it does is completely clear the cache that contains your known networks and network passwords. I only use two networks, home and work, so it’s not too bad to manually rejoin them; I can imagine this to be painful if you use a lot of different networks. This solution has worked for me, though, and since I have seen this behavior in past OS updates I can’t help but think it’s the same issue.
Stuart