Three most common issues with these symptoms:
- Failing hard drive
- Issue with third party software
- GPU issue if a 15" or 17" model (very common)
You can try booting into Safe Mode to see if you can login and reach the desktop. If this works, then you most likely have an issue with third party software launching at boot or login. Unlikely if Recovery Mode is having trouble booting.
You can try running the Apple Diagnostics to see if any hardware issues are detected. Unfortunately it is unlikely to show any errors since the known GPU issues rarely are identified by the diagnostic. Same goes for hard drive failures unless the drive failure is severe.
If you are interested, I can provide instructions for creating & using a bootable Knoppix Linux USB stick to check the health of the hard drive if the Apple Diagnostics don't reveal any problems. Just let me know.
It never hurts to try an SMC Reset and PRAM Reset (hold the PRAM Reset for at least three chimes). I doubt these resets will work, but it never hurts to try them.