iPhone 15 running iOS 17.1.1 cannot connect to internet in App Store

This is a brand new iPhone 15 sold in Mainland China. With the phone set up, connected to WiFi, and internet allowed for the App Store, App Store shows a white background saying there is no Internet connection.

I can confirm that the internet is working because, after resetting the iPhone, all the built-in apps were successfully downloaded. It even works when I open the Apple Store (not App Store). I was prompted to update the Apple Store app. When I click on Update, it successfully loads the app description page (with an update button) in the App store.

Nothing else works in the App Store. I tried to download an app using iOS download links. It redirects me to App store, but it still says no internet connection.