How can I recover the photos of a lost iPhone?

Ok, so basically my dad shut my phone off, and then lost it in his room and we had to buy a new phone because we couldn't track it. The only thing I care about is my photos, I share the same icloud account on my laptop but I don't have all of my photos on there. My phone was not backed up and my mom has the phone (we just bought) and we keep running into problems and it is trying to sign into my laptop so i am scared my photos wont be there, but, it was a 15 pro, so it has an online sim card. All of my photos are in the cloud i just need to know if I can get to them. If anyone out there can help me, please reply to this. Im so desperate. My photos mean EVERYTHING to me. :(

[Re-Titled by Moderator]