Recovering information depends on what steps you took to preserve it before the phone was lost. Did you:
- Back up the phone to your computer?
- Back up the phone to iCloud?
- Sync important data to iCloud (this is not the same as backing up to iCloud).
You can check if you synced to iCloud by logging in to https://icloud.com using your Apple ID. This will show all data that you synced.
To recover data from a backup you need to restore the backup to another iOS device (iPhone or iPad)→Restore your iOS device from a backup - Apple Support
More details:
iCloud+ has 2 independent functions. iCloud backups, and iCloud sync. It’s confusing because they both have the same name prefix. But they have no connection with each other. Go to Settings/[your name]/iCloud. You will see a bunch of switches (with iOS 16 also tap Show All). When you turn on a switch that data type will sync to iCloud. If you do this on multiple devices that share an Apple ID the selected data will sync to all of those devices.
You can also turn on iCloud Backups. This will back up your phone every night if the phone is plugged in, connected to Wi-Fi and locked.
But note that anything that you sync by the first method will be excluded from the iCloud backups.
