Can AirTag document the location af my car yesterday?

Sorry, but there is not. Neither the tag, nor your iPhone "collects" historical data.

I can certainly understand why this could be helpful. As such, I suggest that you let Apple know directly here:

• Product Feedback - Apple

AirTag locations are live or the last known location. It's not a record of where the AirTag has been at a given time.

Apple mentions on Locate an AirTag or other item in Find My on iPhone - Apple Support

• If the item can be located: It appears on the map so you can see where it is. The location and timestamp appear below the item’s name. The item’s location is updated when it connects to the Find My network.
• If the item can’t be located: You see where and when it was last located. Below Notifications, turn on Notify When Found. You receive a notification once it’s located again