The EtreCheck reveals two major hints, one under the Major Issues heading (heavy CPU usage) and one under the Minor Issues heading (heavy RAM usage). The heavy CPU usage may indicate a runaway process but it also might be related to the heavy RAM use. Apple uses two tricks to allow us to run multiple programs - RAM swapping, which moves part of or an entire program out of RAM onto the hard drive (SSD) as well as RAM compression. Both of these slow down the computer and eat up CPU cycles.
I see you have Parallels Desktop installed and using it with 8GB and battery may well explain the entire issue. You don’t have enough RAM to run Parallels and other MacOS applications at the same time - especially on battery. However, if your problems occur even when Parallels Desktop isn’t running, read on.
I suggest 2 things: 1) launch Activity Monitor, click on the CPU tab in the top menu bar and then click on the % CPU column or it is sorted from highest to lowest. This will let you see the processes which are heavy users of the CPU. In a well performing computer CPU usage will jump up and down from as low as 0 to as high as 40 or 50. No process should remain steady in a range above 20-25. This would indicate a potential problem process.
2) Click on the Memory tab in the top of the menu bar then click on the Memory column so it is sorted from highest to lowest. The first couple processes are going to be MacOS processes but the third or fourth will be a program you’ve installed and from that point down you’ll see a mixture of OS processes and your own apps. This will give you an idea of the impact your use pattern is having on RAM. Also, look down at the bottom left of the Activity Monitor window and look at the Memory Pressure measurement. It should be green. Based on the EtreCheck report, I’m certain yours is not.
Your battery life will improve by reducing the number of applications you are running and/or the number of browser tabs you keep open. Figuring out what process(es) are running heavy and eliminating them or fixing them will also help.