Although you are sharing a calendar, as the creator of the calendar your wife has set you with permission to view only. The other option is to view and edit. She can change this setting in the calendar you share in her Calendar application in iOS or on a Mac. I don't know if this can be done in iCloud for Windows if she has that on a PC (and you indicate that you have a Windows computer yourself).
Duplicated entries is not a problem that can solved by a software tweak. If you get a duplicated entry you have the option of deleting the event in your own calendar. As you found, if you delete an event in a shared calendar it will also delete on every other device which shares that calendar.
One other option for avoiding duplicated events is if your wife sends you an invitation to join an event - this will need to be done in a different calendar and one you do not share. When you accept the invitation it will be added to your calendar. If you have the event already you can decline the invitation and it won't be added to your calendar.
Or it might be easier if you just share ALL your calendars. This works for some households and not for others. This is the way I have set it up for my family and there is no chance of any duplication.