iOS/iPadOS doesn’t natively support direct connection to a USB Printer. Instead, these devices use a network connection to supported printers typically over WiFi - or if explicitly supported by the printer, a wired ethernet connection.
See:
Apple AirPrint is a driverless connection protocol. A high proportion of modern printers intended for Home, SoHo and Business environments now support AirPrint:
About AirPrint - Apple Support
If you have previously been able to print directly via a USB connection from your iPad, this will have required a companion App supplied by the printer manufacturer. Check to see if the associated App has been updated to support iPadOS 17.4.
If you are unable to resolve the problem, A]as you are not using native AirPrint printing services, you'll need to seek assistance from the printer manufacturer.