You most likely only erase the macOS Volume Group instead of the whole physical SSD so you never modified the partitions at all. The deleted MS partition is still in a free state and hidden since Disk Utility defaults to a volume view instead of a device view (I'm not even certain the free space will be shown in Device view).
The easiest way forward is to perform another clean install of macOS, but this time erasing the whole physical SSD (Intel Macs only). Within Disk Utility you need to click "View" and select "Show All Devices" before the physical drive appear on the left pane of Disk Utility. Select the physical SSD (usually named something like "Apple SSD AP250.....") and erase it as GUID partition and APFS (top option).
Theoretically you should be able to use the Partition tab to merge the free area into the main macOS partition/Container, but this usually doesn't work. Sometimes you may be able to use the command line to do that, but I don't know the correct options for it (don't have time or a handy test drive to experiment).
FYI, when trying to remove Windows Bootcamp installations, you should use the Bootcamp Assistant to uninstall & remove Windows as that should properly restore the partitions to the main macOS boot volume.