Depends on the file type, and how you want to store them. JPGs are JPGs everywhere. Raw isn't one format, but the generic name for a lot of camera-specific ones. On the Mac, you'll find that some programs rely upon macOS Raw compatibility libraries; that Adobe relies on their own Raw conversion code; and that yet other programs may take a hybrid approach (start with the macOS Raw conversion, then add support for additional formats).
macOS includes a basic photo organizer and editor (Photos) aimed at average users. It's got some nice features like being able to synchronize photos with other Apple devices (iPhones, iPads) through iCloud Photos, and there are even ways to view photos in iCloud on a PC, but it's still Mac- and Apple-oriented.
You can also store photos "loose" in the Finder and browse them with features such as icon view, Quick Look, and Preview (a Mac program for viewing .PDF files, .JPG files, and the like). If you dig in the Finder's search dialogs, it's possible to search for photos based on the values of various EXIF attributes.
If you prefer a database approach, you might want to look into applications such as
- Adobe Lightroom Classic
- Adobe Lightroom (cloud version)
- Mylio
that are designed more for the professional market and that are a bit more platform-agnostic.