Presumably you are using AirPrint to print from your iPad. Your Android phone will not be using AirPrint (this being Apple-proprietary), but instead some other printing protocol and/or printing App. As such, concluding that the printer itself is not the issue may be an unsafe supposition.
If you have updated to iPadOS16/17, be aware that an older (previously supported) version of AirPrint has been deprecated - and may be the reason that your limited print options are available when printing from your iPad. Check with your Printer Manufacturer for a firmware or associated App updates that may need to applied.
When using AirPrint, the available print options - including colour and page size - are advertised by your printer. When using the print dialogue on your iPad, you can only select from the advertised options.
Use AirPrint to print from your iPhone or iPad - Apple Support