Yes, and you didn’t need to do any of that. Call the number on the back of the debit card and try to talk to someone that is familiar with Apple Pay. The card needs to be reprovisioned to be added to Apple Wallet. Some banks do the verification process themselves and some use the payment network (Visa, MasterCard etc.). It could be a token issue or a fraud/security flag that the bank or payment network has on your account.
Apple is not a bank. It cannot verify a card for adding to Apple Wallet. Please review the Apple Support article I’ve linked below. You may want to go over the article with the bank support team member. It describes the process and the 4 steps the bank uses to verify and add the card to Apple Wallet.
Adding credit or debit cards to Apple Pay - Apple Support
Some people in the community here have reported success adding a card from within the Settings app rather than the Wallet app. Others have used links on the banks website or mobile app to add the card. Some banks have the ability to push adding the card to Wallet from their side. You might want to explore these alternatives.