That's odd. Apple usually allows existing app users to update to the newest supported version even if the latest version doesn't run on your OS. Just tested this with a Ventura 13.0 install and was able to upgrade from iMovie 10.3.4 to 10.3.8 (The current version, 10.4, requires Ventura 13.5+). The again, Apple's web page currently claims 11.5.1+ compatibility. I had thought that was outdated information, but maybe Apple has a cutoff for updating old version?
For reference: you may need to drag iMovie to the trash (Don't empty!) before you can be prompted to redownload the app (and be offered the newest supported version). If this doesn't work drag iMovie back out of the trash to the applications folder it came from.
First issue, did you say -nothing- was showing up under purchases? iMovie or otherwise? Have you ever downloaded software/updates through the AppStore other than the Catalina upgrade that you would expect to see? You may need to contact Apple Support. If you can't download or update apps on your Mac - Apple Support
Second issue, you say iMovie does not run on Catalina? Which version of iMovie? I can understand an old version having bugs/compatibility issues but I would expect anything current on Sierra would at least try to run on Catalina. (On the other hand if your iMovie originally came from an old iLife DVD package then yah... that won't run).