No serial ports showing und /dev

Hi, I have a strange issue with my 2021 16" MacBook Pro running Sonoma 14.2 (M1 Pro CPU). No serial ports under /dev/ are available. Not even the /dev/**.Bluetooth-Incoming-Port.

I originally ran into this issue when trying to connect a CP2102 serial-to-USB converter. This piece works flawlessly on my wife's M2 MacBook Air and instantly shows up as /dev/**.usbserial**. Using same hardware on my machine, it never shows up. I tried installing all the available drivers to no avail. I also noticed no other /dev/tty.usb or /dev/**.* are listed which I suspect must be related.

Does anyone have a tip how to find out why the serial ports vanished completely including the virtual ones? I tried googling for several hours but couldn't find any help.