iPhone 12 was released in 2020, so when your phone may have been manufactured could have been anywhere between 2020 and August 2023 as it was discontinued in September 2023. If your phone came with 100% Battery Health used, it could have had it's battery replaced before you bought it. On average, one can expect to see about a 1% decline in Battery Health per month and since you don't know the true history of this phone, it's hard to know when the battery was new. One thing you can count on is Battery Health goes only 1 direction and that is down. When the health of your battery dips to 80% or less, it will be time to pay Apple for a new battery.
read this link about Maximizing Battery Performance --> Batteries - Maximizing Performance - Apple