If you have deleted them from the "Recently Deleted" folder. You will be unable to recover your deleted data. And this is working as expected. It seems we have a misunderstanding of how iCloud functions. iCloud is not an extended storage service. It is primarily a "Sync Service". Meaning it wants to replicate your device across all devices. For example: If you have 100 photos on your phone, you will have 100 photos on iCloud (If iCloud Photos is turned on). If you delete a photo, you now have 99 photos on your phone and 99 photos on iCloud.
This is a great feature. Think about it like this. My son when he was young would take 100 photos of a blank wall because kids are kids and do silly things. I would have to delete them. If something happened to my phone and I needed to get a new one, I would not want to have to go back and delete 1000 photos of a blank wall. iCloud will sync the device to the way my old phone was.
For more information:
-What does iCloud back up? - Apple Support
-Set up and use iCloud Photos - Apple Support
-What's the difference between device storage and iCloud storage? - Apple Support