Does the IPhone 14 have a macro mode? How close can I get?

Yes, it has a macro mode. You'll see an icon of a flower in a yellow circle when it's in macro mode. You can get about one inch away from your subject and still be in focus. Note that it will fall back to a 12 MP image in macro mode.

392David wrote:

Can I use my IPhone Pro Max to take macro photos of bumblebees? I’m trying to get help IDing the bumblebees in my yard.

ref: Take macro photos and videos with your iPhone camera