Your picture of Disk Utility shows the internal drive volume is not mounted. It may be encrypted by Filevault. Have you tried to click the "Mount" button? Sometimes the volume may unlock, but not mount, however, Disk Utility will still show a failure and unfortunately will not distinguish between the two events with the error message. If the volume becomes unlocked, then you should see more information about that volume on the right pane of Disk Utility such as the file system used by that volume and its size.
Also, you are viewing the drives as the default "volume" view which hides the physical drive and hidden Containers. Within Disk Utility you need to click "View" and select "Show All Devices" before the physical drive & hidden Containers appear on the left pane of Disk Utility. You will want to run First Aid on the physical drive making sure there are no errors remaining. Then you need to run First Aid on the hidden Container until there are no more errors or warnings.
The physical internal drive appears to be present, but the volume containing the file system is just not accessible for whatever reason. We just don't have enough details about your system configuration and what may have preceded this moment.
Whenever I encounter this situations with a client computer, I always want to first check the health of the drive since a failing drive must be handled with care if any data recovery is necessary. Making attempts to recover data from a failing drive will usually make the failure worse.....even to the point a professional data recovery service will be unable to recover any data. There are ways to check the health of a drive of an Intel Mac, but how to do this depends on the exact model of the Mac. With some Macs (2018+ Intel models with T2 security chip), if the internal SSD is inaccessible, then there may be no way to recover any data due to the security features involved.
You can get the exact model of the Mac by entering the system serial number on the check coverage page here (please don't post the serial number on the forums since it is considered personal information):
Check Your Service and Support Coverage - Apple Support
Edit: You can try running the Apple Diagnostics to see if any hardware issues are detected. Unfortunately the diagnostics rarely report issues, but it never hurts to check.