For me is was a coincidence that I updated to 18.11 (from 17.x) and now had no sound. I had ALSO taken my case off to clean the phone and put it back on. Reading all these responses I finally came across someone else who had accidentally turned on do not disturb on their phone by flipping the mechanical switch found above the volume up and down switches (at least on my iPhone 11 pro).
Here is the link to the video they shared, and it solved my (self-inflicted) problem.
Symptom: phone doesn't ring, locking the screen gives no click sound, taking a photo gives no click sound, and so on.
https://youtu.be/HHIISw2yM9U?si=GED6lqp7PwMwZ3Gl