Can I change all of my compromised passwords at once?

How would that work, when passwords for various accounts should all be different (without pattern)? I think you need to do each one separately.

However, if you change e.g. your Apple Account password, then that would apply to all instances and devices where that is used. Change your Apple Account password - Apple Support

Passwords for third party accounts (e.g. Netflix) would probably need to be changed on each of their websites. Likewise, once that is done, it applies for all devices where that was used, immediately.