Never used third party tilers except for the LG one for a minute and then removed. This issue is very annoying. every time a new Safari window opens or I click on an email it goes full screen. I have previously (today) sent apple feedback about this. I checked the setting you suggested above. And for many versions of OS, including Sequoia, the double-click window titlebar has been turned off. Never had a need for it it was an annoyance to me as well years ago.
I just noticed, don't recall seeing this before, an option to drag windows to menu bar to fill screen. While that description doesn't fit my issue turning it off does fix it. To be clear I just click mail in the dock and it opens as I had it set last and then immediately expands. No me touching it or moving it.
-amend- it does however explain when sometimes when I move a window to the edge it goes fullscreen since I must be sliding it along the menu bar to the edge. that no longer happens too. Ahh peace back to my world. Thank you for your suggestions!