The best way to start the new iPhone

I agree 100% with varjak paw. Do NOT restore the backup from your previously jailbroken phone. Set it up as a new phone (you can set it up using your Apple ID and Password), then turn the switches on for services in Settings > Your Name > iCloud for things like Photos, messages, etc. Then move your apps over from the App Store, where they will be shown with a Cloud icon next to them, meaning you already own them under that ID and they can be redownloaded to the new iPhone without having to pay for them again.

This will be tedious, but at least you won't risk introducing some trace of the jailbreak to your new phone. And do yourself a favor and NEVER jailbreak your phone again.

The best way is to set up the iPhone 16 as a completely new device, not using a backup of your old iPhone nor attempting to transfer data and settings from it. Since you jailbroke the old phone, there's no way you can be sure that some sort of malware was not introduced or some corruption caused that would then transfer to and affect your new iPhone.

Regards.

As long as on the old iPhone, your photos and messages, etc. are synced with iCloud as I suggested you turn them on above for the new iPhone, once you open the new phone with the same Apple ID, you'll just turn them on on the new iPhone and they will sync to the new iPhone. But you must have synced to ICloud on the old iPhone. Assuming you still have it, open the settings App, tap your name at the top, then tap iCloud and turn on the switch for everything which can be turned on. Give it time for everything to sync to iCloud.