I have the same issue with the same Anker 778 dock. This has worked for the last year without issues. In that time I've used a M1 MBP and a M3 MBA without issues. Immediately after updating to macOS 15.1, I started experiencing minor horizontal line flickering and signal loss black screens every 30-90 seconds. It's work-stopping and literally makes this Samsung G9 unusable.
In case anyone wanted to try any other docks, I ordered a replacement Anker 778, Anker 575, CalDigit TB4, all new cables, many active DP to HDMI adapters with no change in behavior. The one thing that did work, was to use the CalDigit TB4 dock (which only has DP output) and directly use the DP input on my monitor which seemed to be working ok. My display only has 1 DP (and 2 HDMI) inputs and I need the DP input for my gaming PC so swapping to DP is not an option for me.
I had a troubleshooting session with an Apple senior advisor and we checked everything and they offered no solution. They blame the dock/monitor and suggested I use an Apple display. They also said this issue was not on their issue tracker so please keep posting and upvoting here.
My old M1 works fine via the old Anker 778 through HDMI (it's on macOS 14.6.1). I updated the display's and dock's firmware without success.
There seems to be some change to how macOS deals with downstream displays in the new macOS update. I suspect there is some bandwidth issue thats affecting the output on HDMI via a dock/hub. Using an Apple branded USB-C to HDMI adapter works without issue so it's something downstream through the dock.