Stolen iPhone without Find My turned on options

Unfortunately, there is no way to locate the phone if Find My was not enabled.

Ask your carrier to "blacklist" the phone so that it cannot be used by anyone else.

Watch out for messages that claim that your phone has been found. These are scams that are trying to trick you into revealing your Apple ID and Password so the bad guys can get into your phone.

Find your lost iPhone or iPad - Apple Support (AE)

You can follow these steps to retrieve your phone back

You can follow these steps to retrieve your phone back

None of the steps to retrieve the phone will work if Find My was not enabled on the phone, as is the case here.