Apple doesn’t block cards. Per Apple Pay terms & conditions Apple shares basic information about your device.
>>When a user adds a credit, debit or pre-paid card (including store cards) to Apple Wallet, Apple securely sends the card information, along with other information about the user’s account and device, to the card issuer or card issuer’s authorized service provider (usually the payment network).
Card provisioning security overview - Apple Support
Using this information, the card issuer (or its service provider) determines whether to approve adding the card to Apple Wallet.
Your bank has received information about your device and account with Apple (Apple Account (formerly Apple ID), App Store account, iTunes account, etc.
Your bank or Payment Network Operator (Visa, MasterCard etc.) has received that information and has made a decision to not add their cards to Apple Wallet app. I nor anyone at Apple knows what information they received was contradictory, inaccurate or indicated a risk the bank is not comfortable with.
Apple can’t really do much. Why? Apple can’t prove you’re you. How does Apple know if you’re a hacker or scammer? It’s the bank that’s at risk and they need to be certain enough that you are who you say you are before adding the cards.
Things you can check. Apple account information is up to date, you’re logged into all Apple accounts using same accounts and they are accurate and in good condition. Location services are on and also enabled for the banks app and you’re logged into your account.
Wait 30 days and try again. Why 30 days? There is some evidence the PNO may block accounts for approximately 30 days once it’s failed.