I bought it from refurbed.se, a usually credible site to buy refurbished electronics from. It also had 100% battery health when i got it
I've seen other complaint posts here regarding iPhone battery issues involving such refurb sites. The most likely cause is that they did not use a genuine Apple battery when they or their refurb partner replaced it.
Apple only sells batteries they install themselves, or to a real Apple Authorized Service Provider who installs it. I emphasize "real" because there are a lot of people outside the US who claim to be Apple Authorized Service Providers but are not.
Non-Apple batteries, whether for mobile devices or notebook computers, have a terrible track record for service life and reliability. There are also scads of counterfeit batteries in circulation
The unfortunate thing is, now that someone else has opened the phone, Apple will not longer service it. Return the phone for a refund.
If you what a refurbed phone, buy only from Apple or a major carrier.