Translation:
How long does an Apple ID live? Can it be restored after many years? And what if it's the account of a deceased relative?
My grandmother had an Apple ID on my iPad on which I sat for many years, then the iPad broke down and after a few years, having bought myself an iPhone, I wanted to log in to it, but I can't, tell me what to do
An AppleID doesn't expire. Unless the account is intentionally deleted by its owner, it will remain usable. If the account itself has become locked, the owner of the account may be able to recover access:
If your Apple Account is locked, not active, or disabled - Apple Support
A close Family member or Executor, with the required supporting paperwork, can make application to Apple to be granted access to the Apple accounts of the deceased:
How to request access to a deceased family member's Apple accounts - Apple Support