Signing into iCloud without an Apple device

I have an iCloud account and an Apple account. Currently, I use iCloud on my windows laptop to collaborate on a work project. I have an Android phone. When I try to sign into my iCloud account on my laptop I get this message: "Verification failed: To access your end-to-end encrypted data including passwords and other features, sign into an Apple device to receive a verification code." I can only press "OK" afterwards. Since I do not have an Apple device, how do I sign into my iCloud account? How do I receive a verification code? There must be some other way to receive the verification code. Thank you for your help!

I saw that someone else had the same issue and didn't receive a helful answer yet, so this issue must be more widespread: Signing into iCloud without an Apple devi… - Apple Community