Deleted files from iCloud Drive not appearing in recently deleted - How to find them?

Try the following. Use an Internet browser and log into iCloud.com and scroll to the bottom of the main page and click on "Data Recovery." On the next screen click on "Restore Files."

The last screenshot you posted was for iCloud Notes.

How did you delete these files? I would go to my iCloud Drive folder, select a file, and either drag it to the trash or use command delete to put the file in the trash bin. I wouldn't expect that to save space on my drive, so I would choose Empty Trash. And everything I did would be copied to iCloud Drive at iCloud.com.

What did you do?

Sorry, I don't know of any reason why they would not be in Recently Deleted or there. You may want to try Contact - Official Apple Support

You didn't mentioned Notes before. They are part of iCloud but they are not in iCloud Drive. There is no Recently Deleted and no Restore option for Notes. As you screenshot says, the Delete from iCloud button permanently deletes the notes from iCloud and from synced devices.

Joha4732 wrote: I went to my apple account -> iCloud -> Manage Storage -> iCloud Drive -> Chose the document and folders thingy and Delete from iCloud.

It sounds like you're doing this at iCloud.com on a browser? Why? That's bound to make it hard! Are you having to do this when you're away from your Mac? I'd wait until I got back to my Mac to do something like this!

If you want to delete a file from iCloud Drive, then you should do it on iCloud Drive on your Mac. That's why we have iCloud-- to synchronize with the Mac.