Can Apple track a stolen iPhone 15 Pro Max using IMEI?

First, we aren't Apple. This is a user to user only forum. Second, Apple doesn't get involved in lost or stolen devices, so no, they won't try to track it for you using the IMEI.

Did you have the Find My service turned on before your phone was stolen? Now, with a court order, you may be able to get your carrier to track it using IMEI, but they will require a court order to do so.

Read this link about what to do if your iPhone is stolen --> If your iPhone or iPad was stolen - Apple Support

This presumes you had Find My turned on and you used a Passcode on the phone. If you didn't, you'll never see that phone again.

the only ones who can triangular track a cellular device using it's IMEI are the carriers, and they only do it if the police force them to by having a warrant, it's usually used in missing persons cases, never heard about it being used for theft, as the process of getting the police and judges and carriers involved would grossly exeede the value of any mobile device.

No, it is not possible to track any device with its IMEI. That's what Find My is for.

Did you have Find My enabled? If not, you'll never find it.